Bogus Amendment Exercise

The bills:  O   Grades follow a normal distribution and tuition is charged.
            N   All grades to be given must be A's.
            M   All grades to be given are A's and no tuition can be charged.

There are three voters: A, B, C.  The original preference schedule is:

         A     B     C
First    N     N     O
Second   O     O     N

With amendment M introduced the preference schedule is:

         A     B     C           But C actually votes as   C
First    M     N     O               (insincerely)         O
Second   N     O     N                                     M
Third    O     M     M                                     N


Student A:

I am a typical student who would very much like to get all A's.  Tuition
is a struggle, so I would give almost anything if no one had to pay tuition.
I have never taken Math 203 and don't think that course is good for anything.


Student B:

Earning all A's would be nice, but I have a full ride scholarship because I
am on the varsity bowling team.  If no one paid tuition, sports (especially
bowling) would be dropped and so would my scholarship.  So it is absolutely
essential that students pay tuition.  I will do almost anything to make certain
that tuition is still charged.  I have never taken Math 203 and don't think
that course is good for anything.


Student C:

     I realize that if everyone gets all A's, my record here will not get me
into graduate school.  My good grades that I have earned will not do me any
good.  I realize that both A and B will vote for just giving A's, and they
can out vote me, 2 to 1.
     However, I have taken Math 203 and remember reading about bogus 
amendments.  Here's what I think I will do.
     I move that there be an amendment, call it M, that says only A's will be
given and no one will pay tuition.  We will have to vote to replace N by M
before we vote for or against the old bill O.